TY  - BOOK
AU  - Chatterjee Satischandra
TI  - The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge: A Critical Study of some Problems of Logic and Metaphysics
SN  - 978-93-91430-90-0
U1  - 181.43 23
PY  - 2021///
CY  - Delhi
PB  - Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House
N1  - Chapter I
Introduction	
Book I
The Method of Valid Knowledge (Pramana)
Chapter II
The Nature and Forms of Knowledge	
1. Definition of knowledge (buddhi)	
2. Classification of Knowledge	
3. Memory and Dream	
4. Doubt (Samsaya)	
5. Error (Viparyyaya)	
6. Theories of Illusion in Indian Philosophy
7. Hypothetical Argument (tarka)	
Chapter II
Valid Knowledge and its method (Prama and Pramana)	
1. Definition of Prama or valid Knowledge	
2. Definition of Pramana or the method of knowledge	
3. Nyaya Criticism of the Buddha's Views of Pramana	
4. Nyaya Criticism of the Mimamsa and Sankhya views	
Chapter IV
The Factors of Valid Knowledge (Prama)	
1. The Subject object and method of Valid Knowledge	
2. Distinction of the Method from the subject and object of valid Knowledge	
Chapter V
The Test of Truth and Error	
1. The Problems and Alternative Solutions
2. The Nyaya theory of extrinsic validity and invalidity	
3. Objections to the theory answered by the Nyaya	
4. Criticism of the Sankhya view of intrinsic validity and invalidity	
5. Criticism of the Buddha theory of intrinsic invalidity and extrinsic validity	
6. Criticism of the Mimamsa theory of intrinsic validity and extrinsic invalidity	
7. Indian and Western theories of truth	
Book II
Perception as a Method of Knowledge (Pratyaksa-Pramana)
Chapter VI
The Definition of Perception	
1. Primacy of perception over other methods of knowledge	
2. The Buddhist definition of Perception	
3. The Jaina Prabhakara and Vedanta Definitions of Perceptions	
4. The Nyaya Definitions of Perception	
Chapter VII
The Psychology of Perceptions	
1. The Senses (Indriya)	
2. Function of the Senses	
3. The Nature and function of the mind (manas)	
4. The Self and its function in perception	
Chapter VIII
Ordinary Perception and its objects	
1. Different kinds of perception and the categories of reality (Padartha)	
2. Perception of Substances or things (Dravya)	
3. Perception of attributes (guna) and actions (karma)	
4. The Universal (Samanya) particularly (Visesa) and the relation of inherence (Samavaya)	165
5. Perception of non-existence (abhava)	175
6. Internal perception and its objects	182
Chapter IX
 
Three Modes of ordinary perception	189
1. Nirvikalpaka and savikalpaka perceptions	189
2. Recognition Pratyabhijna as a mode of perception	205
Chapter X
 
Extraordinary perception (Alaukika Pratyaksa)	209
1. Samanyalaksana or the perception of classes	209
2. Jnanalaksana or acquired perception	218
3. Yoga or intuitive perception	227
Book III
 
The Theory of Inference (Anumana Pramana)
 
Chapter XI
 
The Natures of Inference	233
1. Definition of Anumana or inference	233
2. Distinction between perception and inference	234
3. The constituents of inference	235
Chapter XII
 
The Grounds of Inference	240
1. The logical ground of vyapti or universal relation	240
2. The question of petition prnicpii in inference	252
3. The Psychological ground of inference (Paksata)	254
4. Lingaparamarsa as the immediate cause of inference	261
Chapter XIII
 
Classification and logical forms of Inference	265
1. Svartha and Paratha inferences	265
2. Puravat, Sesavat and Samanyatodrsta inferences	266
3. Kevalanvayi Kevala Vyatireki and Anvaya Vyatireki Inferences	268
4. The Logical form of inference	273
Chapter XIV
 
The Fallacies of Inference	281
1. Distinction between a valid and an invalid reason	281
2. The fallacy of Savyabhicara or the irregular middle	284
3. The Fallacy of Viruddha or the contradictory middle	286
4. The Fallacy of Prakaranasama or the counteracted middle	287
5. The Fallacy of Asiddha or the unproved middle	288
6. The Fallacies of Kalatitia and badhita or the mistimed and contradicted middle	291
7. The Fallacies of Chala jati and nigrahasthana	293
Book IV
 
Upamana or Comparison
 
Chapter XV
 
1. The Nyaya definition of Upamana	299
2. The Jaina Mimamasa and Vedanta views of Upamana	301
3. The Classification of Upamana	305
Chapter XVI
 
Upamana as an independent source of knowledge (Pramana)	308
1. Can upamana give us any valid knowledge?	308
2. Can Upamana be reduced to any other pramana?	310
3. Conclusion	312
Book V
 
Sabda or Testimony
 
Chapter XVII
 
The Nature and Classification of Sabda	317
1. The Nyaya Definition of Sabda and its different kinds	317
2. Other Systems on the natures and forms of sabda	319
Chapter XVIII
 
Of Words (Pada)	322
1. Sounds and words	322
2. Words and their meanings	324
3. The Import of words	328
4. The Unity of words and the hypothesis of sphota	332
Chapter XIX
 
Of Sentences (Vakya)	336
1. The Construction of a sentence	336
2. The Meaning of a sentence	341
3. The Import of Sentences	344
4. Sabda as an independent source of knowledge	349
Chapter XX
 
Other Sources of Knowledge	358
1. Different views about the ultimate sources of knowledge	358
2. Arthapatti or postulation as a source of knowledge	361
3. Abhava and anupalabdhi as a source of knowledge	367
4. Smrti or memory as a distinct source of knowledge	371
5. Summary and a general estimate of Nyaya Epistemology	377
Index	385

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