Geography of India Majid Husain english

1. Geological Structure and formation of India Structure of India

Introduction

The Archaean Formations (Pre-Cambrian)

Dharwar System (Proterozoic Formations)

The Cuddapah System (The Purana Group)

The Vindhyan System

The Palaeozoic Group (Cambrian to Carboniferous Period)

The Mesozoic Era (The Gondwana System)

The Cretaceous System (The Deccan Trap)

The Tertiary System (The Cenozoic Era)

The Quaternary Period (The Pleistocene and Recent Formations)

Geodiversity and Geotourism

Fossil Parks

References

2. Physiography

Physiographic Divisions of India

The HIMALAYAN region

The Importance of the Himalaya

The Great Plains of India

Importance of the Great Plains of India

The Indian Desert

Origin and Physiography of the Peninsular India

The Coastal Plains

The Indian Islands

Vulcanicity

References

3. The Drainage System of India

The Drainage System

Drainage Patterns

River Basins of India

The Multiple River Theory

River Systems of the Himalayan Drainage

Main Rivers of Peninsular India

Easterly Rivers of the Peninsular Region

Shifting Courses of the Rivers

Saraswati-The Mystery of A Lost River

Types of Lakes

Main Lakes of India

The Inter-State Water Disputes

International Agreements for Surface Water Resources

National Water Grid

Ground Water Resources of India

The National Water Policy 2012

Main Waterfalls of India

References

4. Climate of India

Introduction

Indian Monsoon

Indian Monsoons and the Tibet Plateau

Jet Stream and Indian Monsoon

El-Nino and the Indian Monsoon

Burst of Monsoon

Breaks in the Monsoon

Seasons in India

Tropical Cyclones

Thunderstorms

Rainfall Distribution

Variability of Rainfall

Climatic Regions of India

Koppen’s Classification of Indian Climate

Climatic Divisions by Stamp and Kendrew

Trewartha’s Classification of Indian Climate

Climatic Divisions of India by R.L. Singh (1971)

Droughts

Floods

References

5. Natural Vegetation and National Parks

Introduction

Floristic Regions of India

Spatial Distribution of Forests in India

Classification of Forests

Important Species of Trees and Their Utility

Forest Products and their Utility

Problems of Indian Forestry

The National Forest Policy

Social Forestry

Existing Position of Forest Ecosystems

Forest Conservation

Wildlife

Biosphere Reserves

Mangroves

References

6. Soils

Introduction

Controllers of Soil Characteristics

Classification of Soils of India

Problems of Indian Soils

Consequences of Soil Erosion

Soil Conservation

References

7. Resources

Natural Resources

Mineral Resources

Biotic Resources

References

8. Energy Resources

Sources of Conventional Energy

Coal Deposits of the Tertiary Period

Import

Non-Conventional Energy

Energy Crisis

Energy Conservation

References

9. Agriculture

Land Utilisation

Characteristics and Problems of Indian Agriculture

Determinants of Agriculture

Land Reforms

Infrastructure and Agricultural Inputs

Second Green Revolution

White Revolution

Blue Revolution

Aquaculture

Apiculture (Beekeeping) or Golden Revolution

Sericulture

Poultry Farming (Silver Revolution)

Horticulture

Dry Farming

Agribusiness

National Commission on Farmers

Indian Agriculture—Challenges and Prospects

References

10. Spatial Organisation of Agriculture

Cropping Patterns

Crop Concentration

Agricultural Productivity

Agricultural Intensity

Crop Combinations

Land Capability

Contract Farming

Agricultural Regionalisation

Agro-Climatic Regions of India

Agro-Ecological Regions of India

References

11. Industries

Evolution of Industries

Industrial Development During the Five-Year Plans

Industrial Policy

Cotton Textile Industry

Jute Textile

Woollen Textiles

Silk Textile

Iron and Steel Industry

Problems of Iron and Steel Industry

Automobile Industry

Fertiliser Industry

Paper Industry

Pharmaceutical Industry

Cottage Industries

Industrial regions of India

Multinational Corporations

Liberalisation

Industrial Problems of India

Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

Public Sector Undertaking

Tourism

Tourism in India

Eco-Tourism

Community Eco-Tourism Initiative

The Native and Psycho-Social Impact of Eco-tourism

Industrial Houses in India

Industrial Complexes

References

12. Transport, Communications and Trade

Transport

Water Transport

Air Transport

Pipelines Transportation

Metro Rail System

Communications

International Trade

Salient Features of Foreign Trade

Balance of Trade and Balance of Payment

Trade Policy

India—Space Programme

References

13. Cultural Setting

Origin of Mankind

The Caste System

Racial and Ethnic Diversity in India

Religious Minorities

Scheduled Tribes

Scheduled Castes (16.60% of The Total Population)

Cultural Regions

Demographic Characteristics of Indian Population

Literacy Rate

Age Composition

Migration

Population Problems

Health Indicators

Human Development Index in India

References

14. Settlements

Introduction

Classification of Settlements

City Region and Planning

Slums and Associated Problems

Problems of Urbanisation

Town Planning in India

Principles of Urban Planning

References

15. Regional Development and Planning

Planning in India

Five-Year Plans

Regional Dimensions of Planning in India

Integrated Area Development

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

Development of Backward Areas

Command Area Development

Watershed Management

Area Development Programmes

National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA)

Rainfed Area Development Programme (RADP)

Multi-Level Planning

The Damodar Valley Corporation

The National Capital Region (National Capital Region)

Poverty in India

Geography and Regional Planning

Regional Planning and Development of Island Territories

References

16. India–Political Aspects

Political Geography

Structure of Indian Federation

Regional Consciousness and National Integration

National Integration in India

Nationalism

International Boundaries of India

Cross Border Terrorism

India’s Role in World Affairs

Geopolitics of South Asia

India and the Geo-Politics of the Indian Ocean

References

17. Contemporary Issues

Environmental Hazards

Natural Disasters

Environmental Pollution

Environmental Awareness

Changes in Patterns of Land Use

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Environmental Management

Population Explosion and Food Security
Urban Disasters
Environmental Degradation
Problems of Agrarian Unrest
Industrial Unrest
Regional Disparities in Economic Development
Relationship between Population and Development
Globalisation and Indian Economy
Agriculture and Globalisation
References
Multiple Choice Questions